Tuchel left Bayern this month as the club finished third in the Bundesliga – their worst league position since 2010-11.
Bayern have struggled to find a replacement for Tuchel, whose initial exit was announced in February.
Bayer Leverkusen boss Xabi Alonso, Germany manager Julian Nagelsmann and current Austria coach Ralf Rangnick have all turned down the job.
Talks about persuading Tuchel to stay also failed to reach a positive conclusion, leaving Bayern with a problem.
“Vincent Kompany is a type of coach who fits in very well with FC Bayern’s playing philosophy and identity,” said Bayern’s sporting director Christoph Freund
“He is a young, very ambitious coach who brings a lot of international experience, has his finger on the pulse of the players and knows exactly what should happen on the pitch.”
Kompany has built a decent reputation in his time at Anderlecht and Burnley, although the Clarets’ relegation following lofty pre-season expectations has not reflected well on the Belgian.
A four-time Premier League winner as a player with Manchester City, Kompany became Anderlecht head coach in 2020 following a spell as player-manager, before moving to Turf Moor.
BBC Sport understands former Chelsea and Everton coach Frank Lampard would be interested in succeeding Kompany.
Former Nottingham Forest manager Steve Cooper has ruled himself out of contention as he aims for a job in the Premier League.
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