Increasingly, digital technology is helping to manage water systems in Europe. The supports it offers include real time monitoring of water use and quality, quicker leak detection and smart irrigation. Additionally, artificial intelligence can help forecast rainfall patterns. Around 23% of water in EU networks is lost before it gets to consumers. Digital solutions can cut leaks by 30% and reduce overflows in sewer systems.

How digital tech helps water management

The potential benefits of digital solutions in the sector have been established by EU-funded projects under the ICT4Water Cluster. The use of data analytics, IoT cloud computing, augmented intelligence, blockchain and the development of digital twins in the water industry give new capabilities to analyse, automate, correct in real time, predict and minimise risks to the natural environment.

In addition, digital solutions can be deployed to raise awareness and involve citizens and consumers and influence their behaviour. Domestic water distribution systems can also benefit from digitalisation. Among other things, digitalisation can offer more information to citizens about household water consumption and raise their awareness on the sustainable use of water.

But digital tech can also have a negative impact on life’s most important resource, primarily through increased freshwater consumption. For example, data centres use vast quantities of cooling water on a daily basis, as do factories producing car batteries and semi-conductors.

Digital demand in detail

• By 2023, 5.3 billion people had internet access.
• The ICT sector will grow significantly, with 29.3 billion devices expected online by 2030.
• Data centres, supporting this growth, require substantial water for cooling, ranging from 68,000 to 1.7 million litres per day.

Battery production:

• Producing a car battery requires around 26,000 litres of water.

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen production needs 9 litres of ultra-pure water per kilogram.

Using water-consuming technologies to better manage water systems clearly presents a dilemma for legislators and industry leaders. Efforts are underway to create innovative, water-efficient technologies and sustainable practices to balance the benefits of digital progress with environmental responsibility.

Offsetting digital tech’s high water consumption

Water and data centres

Adopting efficient cooling technologies like liquid cooling, using non-potable or reclaimed water, and optimizing infrastructure can reduce water usage. Strategies include circular water systems, reclaimed municipal wastewater, and site selection in water-abundant areas, along with rainwater harvesting and smart water storage.

Water and battery production

• Lithium extraction for batteries threatens water resources and ecosystems.
• The EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act aims to minimize environmental impacts and explore sustainable alternatives.
• The new EU Battery Regulation aims to promote sustainable battery production and address the environmental impacts, including water use.

Digital tech will help us use water better, but it’s also a thirsty consumer of resources. The challenge, of course, is to find the right balance.