One of the laws bans products made using forced labour and another requires big firms to conduct human rights and environmental audits of their overseas suppliers. Both have been adopted by the EU but will take effect in 2027 after a three-year grace period.

Businesses will be required to prove their suppliers are in line with EU environmental and social standards, and also that there is no forced labour in their supply chains. Companies fear the new rules will put them in the cross hairs of Chinese authorities.

The EU Chamber of Commerce in China pointed to the example of US fashion giant PVH Group, which was this week subject to a commerce ministry investigation for “unreasonably boycotting Xinjiang cotton and other products without factual basis”.