In the opening section of a report set to run to some 400 pages, Draghi said the bloc needed additional investment of 750-800 billion euros ($829-884 billion) per year, up to 5 per cent of GDP – far higher even than the 1-2 per cent in the Marshall Plan for rebuilding Europe after World War Two.

 

“Growth has been slowing down for a long time in Europe, but we’ve ignored (it),” Draghi said.

 

“Now we cannot ignore it any longer. Now conditions have changed: World trade is slowing, China is actually slowing very much and is becoming much less open to us… we’ve lost our main supplier of cheap energy, Russia.”

 

EU countries had already responded to the new realities, Draghi’s report said, but it added that their effectiveness was limited by a lack of coordination.

 

Differing levels of subsidies between countries was disturbing the single market, fragmentation limited the scale required to compete on a global level, and the EU’s decision-making process was complex and sluggish.

 

“It will require refocusing the work of the EU on the most pressing issues, ensuring efficient policy coordination behind common goals, and using existing governance procedures in a new way that allow member states who want to move faster to do so,” the report said.

 

It suggested so-called qualified majority voting – where an absolute majority of member states need not be in favour – should be extended to more areas, and as a last resort that like-minded nations be allowed to go it alone on some projects.

 

While existing national or EU funding sources will cover some of the massive investment sums needed, Draghi said new sources of common funding – which countries led by Germany have in the past been reluctant to agree to – might be required.

 

“If the political and institutional conditions are met, these projects would also call for common funding,” the report said, citing defence and energy grid investments as examples.

 

EU growth had been persistently slower than that of the United States in the past two decades and China was rapidly catching up. Much of the gap was down to lower productivity.

 

Draghi’s report comes as doubts emerge over the economic model of Germany, once the EU’s motor after Volkswagen weighs its first ever plant closures there.

 

Draghi said the EU was struggling to cope with higher energy prices after losing access to cheap Russian gas and could no longer rely on open foreign markets.

 

First Published: Sep 09 2024 | 11:52 PM IST