France has said it is concerned about growing military cooperation between Russia and North Korea after the South’s spy agency said Pyongyang had sent troops to fight in Ukraine.

“An increase in North Korean cross-cooperation and military support for the Russian war effort in Ukraine is very worrying,” foreign ministry spokesman Christophe Lemoine said.

Asked about the reports, a spokesman for Ukraine’s president said “we do have this confirmation.”

“It is definitely happening. How many people, how, when – these are details. But we know and it is not a secret for anybody that North Korea is Russia’s ally,” Andrii Yermak, the head of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s office told Euronews.

If the South Korean intelligence is confirmed, the troop deployment would bring a third country into the war and intensify the standoff between North Korea and the West.

The National Intelligence Service (NIS) in Seoul said in a statement that Russian navy ships transferred 1,500 North Korean special operations forces to the Russian port city of Vladivostok from 8-13 October.

It said more North Korean troops are expected to be sent to Russia soon.

The North Korean soldiers deployed in Russia have been given Russian military uniforms, weapons and forged identification documents, the NIS said.

It said they are currently staying at military bases in Vladivostok and other Russian sites such as Ussuriysk, Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk and that they will likely be deployed to battle grounds after completing their adaptation training.

The NIS posted on its website satellite and other photos showing what it calls Russian navy ship movements near a North Korean port and suspected North Korean mass gatherings in Ussuriysk and Khabarovsk in the past week.

South Korean media, citing the NIS, reported that North Korea has decided to dispatch a total of 12,000 troops formed into four brigades to Russia. The NIS said it could not confirm the reports.

The NIS has a mixed record in tracking developments in North Korea, one of the world’s most secretive countries.

If confirmed, the move would be North Korea’s first major participation in a foreign war.

North Korea has 1.2 million troops, one of the largest standing militaries in the world, but it hasn’t fought in large-scale conflicts since the 1950-53 Korean War.

Asked about the NIS finding, NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said, “At this moment, our official position is that we cannot confirm reports that North Koreans are actively now as soldiers engaged in the war effort, but that may change.”

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Russia has earlier denied using North Korean troops in the war, with presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov describing the claims as “another piece of fake news” during a news conference last week.

North Korean state media hasn’t issued any statement on the issue.

Deepening cooperation

North Korea and Russia, locked in separate confrontations with the West, have sharply boosted their cooperation in the past two years.

The US, South Korea and their partners have accused the North of supplying artillery shells, missiles and other conventional arms to Russia to help fuel its war on Ukraine in return for economic and military assistance.

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In June, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a pact stipulating mutual military assistance if either country is attacked.

Many experts question how much the North Korean troop dispatch would help Russia, citing North Korea’s outdated equipment and shortages of battle experience.

“Diplomatically, Pyongyang would be sacrificing its relations with European countries for the foreseeable future. The quid pro quo in terms of Russian military technology provided to the Kim regime could be significant enough to threaten South Korea’s security,” said Leif-Eric Easley, professor of international studies at Ewha Womans University in Seoul.